The software life cycle typically includes the following: requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, installation, and maintenance. In between, there can be a requirement to provide Operations and support activities for the product.
Requirements Analysis. Software organizations provide solutions to customer requirements by developing appropriate software that best suits their specifications. Thus, the life of software starts with the origin of requirements. Very often, these requirements are vague, emergent, and always subject to change.
The analysis is performed to - To conduct an in-depth analysis of the proposed project, to evaluate for technical feasibility, to discover how to partition the system, to identify which areas of the requirements need to be elaborated from the customer, to identify the impact of changes to the requirements, to identify which requirements should be allocated to which components.
Design and Specifications. The outcome of requirements analysis is the requirements specification. Using this, the overall design for the intended software is developed.
Activities in this phase - Perform Architectural Design for the software, Design Database (If applicable), Design User Interfaces, Select or Develop Algorithms (If Applicable), Perform Detailed Design.
Coding. The development process tends to run iteratively through these phases rather than linearly; several models (spiral, waterfall, etc.) have been proposed to describe this process.
Activities in this phase - Create Test Data, Create Source, Generate Object Code, Create Operating Documentation, Plan Integration, Perform Integration
Testing. The process of using the developed system with the intent to find errors. Defects/flaws/bugs found at this stage will be sent back to the developer for a fix and have to be re-tested. This phase is iterative as long as the bugs are fixed to meet the requirements.
Activities in this phase - Plan Verification and Validation, Execute Verification and validation Tasks, Collect and Analyze Metric Data, Plan Testing, Develop Test Requirements, Execute Tests Installation. The so developed and tested software will finally need to be installed at the client's place. Careful planning has to be done to avoid problems with the user after the installation is done.
Activities in this phase - Plan Installation, Distribution of Software, Installation of Software, Accept Software in Operational Environment.
Operation and Support. Support activities are usually performed by the organization that developed the software. Both the parties usually decide on these activities before the system is developed.
Activities in this phase - Operate the System, Provide Technical Assistance and Consulting, Maintain Support Request Log.
Maintenance. The process does not stop once it is completely implemented and installed at the user place; this phase undertakes the development of new features, enhancements, etc.
Activities in this phase - Reapplying Software Life Cycle.
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