Bug: A software bug may be defined as a coding error that causes an unexpected defect, fault, or flaw. In other words, if a program does not perform as intended, it is most likely a bug.
Error: A mismatch between the program and its specification is an error in the program.
Defect: Defect is the variance from the desired product attribute (it can be wrong, missing, or extra data). It can be of two types Defect from the product or variance from customer/user expectations. It is a flaw in the software system and has no impact until it affects the user/customer and operational system. 90% of all the defects can be caused by process problems.
Failure: A defect that causes an error in operation or negatively impacts a user/ customer.
Quality Assurance: Is oriented towards preventing defects. Quality Assurance ensures all parties concerned with the project adhere to the process and procedures, standards and templates, and test readiness reviews.
Quality Control: quality control or quality engineering is a set of measures taken to ensure that defective products or services are not produced and that the design meets performance requirements.
Verification: Verification ensures the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer; it typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications; this can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs and inspection meetings.
Validation: Validation ensures that functionality, as defined in requirements, is the intended behavior of the product; validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after Verifications are completed.
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